Exercise : Solutions of Questions on Page Number : 118
Q1 : Why does an athlete breathe faster and deeper than usual after finishing the race?
Answer :
An Athlete needs to supply extra energy to his muscle cells which have worked hard during running. For this, he breathes faster and deeper so that more oxygen is supplied to the cells. This speeds up the breakdown of food and as a result, more energy is released.
Q2 :List the similarities and differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Answer :
Similarity between aerobic and anaerobic respiration:
In both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, the food is broken down to release energy.
Differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration:
|
Aerobic respiration |
Anaerobic respiration |
|
It is the process of breakdown of food in the presence of |
It is the process of breakdown of food in the absence of |
|
Its end products are CO2 and H2O. |
End products of anaerobic respiration can be lactic acid |
|
It takes longer time to release energy. |
It is a fast process as compared to aerobic respiration. |
|
It produces large amount of energy. |
It produces small amount of energy as compared to aerobic |
|
Examples: It occurs in most plants and animals. |
Examples: Yeast, bacteria, human muscle cells, etc. |
Q3 : Why do we often sneeze when we inhale a lot of dust-laden air?
Answer :
Sneezing expels the foreign particles from the inhaled air, so that only clean air enters our body. It usually occurs because of the irritation in the upper breathing passage. This irritation happens when we inhale some unwanted particles and they get trapped in our nasal cavity. Smoke, dust, pollen, etc. are some of the unwanted particles that may cause sneezing.
Q4 : Take three test-tubes. Fill 3/4th of each with water. Label them A, B and C. Keep a snail in test-tube A, a water plant in test-tube B and in C, keep snail and plant both. Which test-tube would have the highest concentration of CO2?
Answer :
Test tube A will have the highest concentration of CO2. This is because test tube A contains snail. Snail is an organism that breathes in O2 and breathes out CO2. Hence, CO2 concentration increases in test tube A.
Test tube B contains a water plant, which takes in CO2 for food synthesis and gives out O2. Hence, more O2 concentration is found in test tube B.
Test tube C contains both a snail and a plant. The CO2 produced by the snail is utilized by the plant for its food synthesis and the O2 released by the plant is utilized by the snail for respiration.
Therefore, test tube A has the highest concentration of CO2.
Q5 : Tick the correct answer:
(a) In cockroaches, air enters the body through
(i) lungs
- gills
(iii) spiracles
(iv) skin
(b) During heavy exercise, we get cramps in the legs due to the accumulation of
(i) carbon dioxide
- lactic acid
- alcohol
(iv) water
(c) Normal range of breathing rate per minute in an average adult person at rest is
(i) 9-12
(ii) 15-18
(iii) 21-24
(iv) 30-33
(d) During exhalation, the ribs
(i) move outwards
(ii) move downwards
(iii) move upwards
(iv) do not move at all
Answer :
(a) In cockroaches, air enters the body through
(i) lungs
-
gills
(iii) spiracles ∠Å¡
(iv) skin
(b) During heavy exercise, we get cramps in the legs due to the accumulation of
(i) carbon dioxide
-
lactic acid ∠Å¡
-
alcohol
(iv) water
(c) Normal range of breathing rate per minute in an average adult person at rest is
(i) 9-12
(ii) 15-18 ∠Å¡
(iii) 21-24
(iv) 30-33
(d) During exhalation, the ribs
(i) move outwards
(ii) move downwards ∠Å¡
(iii) move upwards
(iv) do not move at all
Q6 : Match the items in Column I with those in Column II:
|
Column I |
Column II |
||
|
(a) |
Yeast |
(i) |
Earthworm |
|
(b) |
Diaphragm |
(ii) |
Gills |
|
(c) |
Skin |
(iii) |
Alcohol |
|
(d) |
Leaves |
(iv) |
Chest cavity |
|
(e) |
Fish |
(v) |
Stomata |
|
(f) |
Frog |
(vi) |
Lungs and skin |
|
(vii) |
Tracheae |
Answer :
|
Column I |
Column II |
||
|
(a) |
Yeast |
(iii) |
Alcohol |
|
(b) |
Diaphragm |
(iv) |
Chest cavity |
|
(c) |
Skin |
(i) |
Earthworm |
|
(d) |
Leaves |
(v) |
Stomata |
|
(e) |
Fish |
(ii) |
Gills |
|
(f) |
Frog |
(vi) |
Lungs and skin |
Exercise : Solutions of Questions on Page Number : 119
Q7 : Mark ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false:
(i) During heavy exercise the breathing rate of a person slows down. (T/F)
(ii) Plants carry out photosynthesis only during the day and respiration only at night. (T/F)
(iii) Frogs breathe through their skins as well as their lungs. (T/F)
(iv) The fishes have lungs for respiration. (T/F)
(v) The size of the chest cavity increases during inhalation. (T/F)
Answer :
(i) During heavy exercise the breathing rate of a person slows down. (F)
(ii) Plants carry out photosynthesis only during the day and respiration only at night. (F)
(iii) Frogs breathe through their skins as well as their lungs. (T)
(iv) The fishes have lungs for respiration. (F)
(v) The size of the chest cavity increases during inhalation. (T)
Q8 : Given below is a square of letters in which are hidden different words related to respiration in organisms. These words may be present in any direction – upwards, downwards, or along the diagonals. Find the words for your respiratory system. Clues about those words are given below the square.
(i) The air tubes of insects
(ii) Skeletal structures surrounding chest cavity
(iii) Muscular floor of chest cavity
(iv) Tiny pores on the surface of leaf
(v) Small openings on the sides of the body of an insect
(vi) The respiratory organs of human beings
(vii) The openings through which we inhale
(viii) An anaerobic organism
(ix) An organism with tracheal system
Answer :
(i) Trachea
(ii) Ribs
(iii) Diaphragm
(iv) Stomata
(v) Spiracles
(vi) Lungs
(vii) Nostrils
(viii) Yeast
Q9 : The mountaineers carry oxygen with them because:
(a) At an altitude of more than 5 km there is no air.
(b) The amount of air available to a person is less than that available on the ground.
(c) The temperature of air is higher than that on the ground.
(d) The pressure of air is higher than that on the ground.
Answer :
The mountaineers carry oxygen with them because:
(a) At an altitude of more than 5 km there is no air.
(b) The amount of air available to a person is less than that available on the
ground. ∠Å¡
(c) The temperature of air is higher than that on the ground.
(d) The pressure of air is higher than that on the ground.